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This issue of KIU Journal of Social Sciences focuses on Political Education, Social Psychology, Human Resource Management, Educational Management, Entrepreneurship Studies, Disaster Management, Counseling Psychology, Peace and Conflict Studies, as well as Educational Technology. The first part of the Journal addresses issues in Political Education such as Civic Education, Roles of Civil Society Organizations in Public Policy, How to address Political Apathy, Christians and Partisan Politics as well as Service Delivery in the Public Sector. It is argued in one of the papers that the cost of operating democratic governance with rising politically apathetic voters and irrational voting behaviour is enormous and unbearable. It therefore suggests that non-formal political agencies and platforms should be adequately explored and used to reverse political apathy and irrational voting behaviour. Sections two and three explore the social and cultural factors that affect the academic performance of vulnerable groups in the society. One of the papers suggests that AIDS education to include STDs, sexuality and reproductive health education should be made compulsory and be incorporated into the syllabi and curricula of primary, secondary and tertiary institutions. Also, Health Counselling unit should be established in all academic institutions. In the Section on Peace and Conflict Studies, it is recommended that a comprehensive training approach involving the community members and law enforcement agencies is also crucial in order to institutionalize the philosophy and strategy of community-oriented policing in the world of law enforcement agencies in Nigeria. This is drawn from the conclusion that community-oriented policing is a potent weapon in the quiver of the government and various communities to stem the flow or tide of terrorism in Nigeria. Community-oriented policing is comprised of three key operational strategies namely, Trust Partnership, Organizational Transformation and problem solving. It has also been observed that entrepreneurial education is very important in order to achieve a sustainable development and in the search for an economic development agenda/program that empowers people. Against this backdrop, the papers in part seven amplify that central tenet. Theoretical, methodological and practical implications are discussed in the papers. In particular, the results recommended that skills acquisition of university graduates is very important for employability and to retain the job gained. Also, that curriculum planner should lay emphasis on practical aspect of each profession during teaching-learning exercise. Also, that both formative and summative assessment of the learners should be properly done so as to showcase those that are capable in theory, practical and both theory and practical simultaneously in each professional programme so as to help the employers to put round pegs into round holes as the case may be. In the last two sections of this issue, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been recognized as an important tool for advancement of any nation especially in the era of globalization. It is observed that tertiary education is approaching the point at which, science and technology particularly Information and Communication Technology (ICT) will be playing vital roles in nearly all phases of the educational process. However, the papers identify some of the problems toward the effective use of ICTs in teachers’ education programme in most African countries to include poor funding, poor power supply, low level of technical education and inadequate supply of ICTs facilities. Finally, it is recommended that governments and all the stakeholders in the educational system should wake up to their responsibilities by providing ICTs facilities for effective instructional delivery system in teacher education. On the whole, this issue of KIU Journal of Social Sciences contains papers that have information on all aspects of human life. Collaborative and cooperative approaches are offered as best approaches for dealing with matters that lead to the instability of communities, societies, economies, and the environment. The theoretical analyses provide opportunities to operationalize the theories discussed in the articles. The authors’ teachings and areas of research must have certainly influenced their perspectives on the diagnoses of the matters they have addressed in their articles. Professor Oyetola O. Oniwide College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kampala International University, P.O. Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda. editor.socialsciences@kiu.ac.ug September, 2017.

The performance of an organisation depends on its employees. Therefore, for an organisation to achieve its objective it is necessary to motivate its workers. The Adamawa State University made concerted effort to motivate its employees to perform effectively through training and development, provision of incentives. In spite of these programmes, employee motivation and job performance issues still exist. This study, therefore, examines the techniques used by management to inspire workers for maximum performance at Adamawa State University, Mubi. Data was generated through a questionnaire, Z-test and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that a significant relationship was found between motivation and job performance of employees at Adamawa State University, Mubi. The study recommended among others that the Adamawa State University management should ensure overwhelming knowledge of the needs pattern of their employees, respect their sense of dignity and enshrine appropriate corporate culture and accord the employees deserving status of the most tangible assets.

Determining an appropriate salaries and wages in the Nigerian public university has been a thing of general concerns in last two decades without any meaningful solution. Without doubt, all three unions in the Nigerian Public Universities: that is, ASUU, SANU and NASU have at one time or the other embarked on series of long and protracted strike action with a devastating effects on the national economy, students, parents as well as the universities itself. However, of note is the Academic Staff Union of University because of the prominent role they play in the administration of universities in Nigeria. A recent investigation by the researcher reveals that the two key actors in any university system are the lecturer and the student; and it therefore means that the role of lecturer(s) in smooth running of university system cannot be overemphasized. ASUU has variously been dealt a great blow when it comes to negotiation for an appropriate reward especially during the military era with little progress during the civilian regime. Worse still is the case of state owned universities where implementation of any collective agreements reached between government and ASUU has always been a curse rather than blessing. Infact, the 2009 ASUU /federal government is yet to be implemented in most of the state universities and thus generating a lot of controversy, confusion and unending protracted strike actions by the individual state ASUU’S in view of the foregoing, this study therefore examine the collective bargaining challenges in the Nigerian public university: A Study of Academic Staff of Universities Unions Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State. Keywords: Collective Bargaining, Challenges, Public University, ASUU.

This study examines the relationship between rewards system and employee performance in selected banks in Makurdi Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study also used purposive sampling techniques and sample was collected through a structured survey questionnaire distributed to twelve (12) Banks. The total number of 240 copies of the questionnaire were printed and administered to prospective respondents across the banks that form the population of the study. 206 copies of the questionnaire (86%) were filled and returned, 34 copies of the questionnaire (14%) were not returned. Out of 206 copies of the questionnaire that were returned 25 copies of the questionnaire (12%) were partly filled and 181copies of the questionnaire (88%) were useable. The analysis of this study is limited to 181 respondents. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and Pearson Correlation and multiple Regression were used to test the relationship between variables. The results indicated that there is a positive significant relationship between task autonomy, task involvement, recognition, salary, job security and working condition and employee performance. Job security has a high positive relationship with employee performance than other variables and task autonomy has a low positive relationship with employee performance. It is recommended that banks should provide a variety of both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards to their employees since there is no one best reward that befit all in all situations, time and places.

Editorial This issue of KIU Journal of Social Sciences touches on governance, development, organizational management, social psychology and creative writing. In Governance and Development, Tarabinah discusses the impact of activities of Transnational Oil Corporations, especially Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) on human rights in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. He advises the Federal Government of Nigeria to establish an effective system of oversight in the oil industry which will factor the externality of oil on social and human rights. Sapele also argues that since NEPAD has not created the desirable changes on the individuals, participating countries should implement the policies and programmes of NEPAD, coordinate and complete poverty projects identified in the poverty reduction strategy paper (now vision 2030). Haruna, finally, examines the socio-economic justification for privatization and suggests alternative strategies to the policy. Under Organizational Management, Okiswa and Oketch report their findings on the impact of motivation on job satisfaction among employees of Kampala University, in Masaka, Luwero and Jinja Study Centers and recommend that adequate monetary and non monetary rewards should be given to the employees, in form of salaries, wages among others for better job satisfaction. Yahaya, Kinyata and Maicibi establish a correlation between pay-for-knowledge and employee commitment among employees of commercial banks in Kano, Nigeria and recommend increase rewards on employee flexibility, independence and increase acquisition of knowledge in order to increase and sustain employee commitment. Twaha and Oketch further argue that well developed and implemented appraisals need to be upheld by all organizations so as to have an inventory of their human resource strengths and weaknesses in their day to day operations. Adamu also identifies human resource policies and other factors such as job satisfaction, organizational commitments and leadership practice that affect employee’s satisfaction in an organization. In the Section on Social Psychology, Imbuki and Twinomujuni establish that there is a significant negative relationship between caregiver’s burden and psychological wellbeing of those living with HIV/AIDS. Gambo and Imbuki also examine the role played by counseling in encouraging and developing self efficacy, self motivation, and self awareness of vocational trained graduates of Kano state tertiary institutions. They recommend that adequate and professional school counselors and facilities should be provided to every school, resource mobilization to assist the vocational graduates, and also group counseling should be adopted by school counselors to raise the self efficacy, self motivation, and self awareness of their student which are personality attributes that could help in making them become self employed, instead of waiting for white collar jobs which is not readily available for them. Through Creative Writing, Kekekhe demonstrates that the play-songs, in African Oral Literature, are blends of the dramatic and the poetic nuances as it is the case with western literary delineation. Also, drawing relevant examples from Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and Sol Plaatje’s Mhudi, Omoko argues that the thematic goal of the earliest African writers is the reassertion of the African cultural identity that has been made parlous by colonialism in a manner that history is put in its proper perspective. On the whole, this edition of KIU Journal of Social Sciences features many thought provoking articles. Some of these articles are empirical in nature while others have theoretical base. Each of them focuses on one specific social and management problem or the other; trying to proffer solutions to them. Readers are therefore advised to make proper use of the ideas presented by the various authors. Prof. Oyetola Oniwide, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kampala International University, P.O. Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda. editor.socialsciences@kiu.ac.ug March, 2016.