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Tarihin Daular Borno

Tarihin Daular Borno
July 30
14:02 2022

Tarihin Daular Borno —  by Aisha Auyo -July 29, 2022

Daga Fatima MONJA, Abuja

Daular Borno tsohuwar Daula ce a Afirka da aka kafa tun kafin ƙarni na 10 wacce ta hada da yankunan da yanzu ke cikin Najeriya da Nijar da Chadi da Kamaru da Sudan har Libya.

Daular Kanem ta El Kanemi ta samo asali ne daga daular Saifuwa.

Masana tarihi sun ce mutanen Saifuwa daga Yemen ne suka fara kafa daular musulunci a Borno, tsawon shekara 1000 da suka gabata.

Muhammad al-Amin ElKanemi ya kafa Daular Kanem ne a karni na 18, bayan kawar da daular Saifuwa wadanda sarakunanta suka yi mulki shekaru da dama.

BBC Hausa ta duba tarihin Daular Borno ta hanyar tattaunawa da Masana tarihi Alhaji Zanna Hassan Boguma, daraktan da ke kula da al’amuran masarautu a Borno, da Farfesa Adam Muhammad Ajiri na sashen nazarin addinin Islama a Jami’ar Maiduguri.

Asalin kalmar Borno

Rubuce-rubucen masana tarihi sun nuna cewa Kalmar Borno ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Larabci, “Bahar Nur” wato ma’ana kogin haske.

Kuma saboda kasancewar Borno gidan Al’kur’ani gidan Musulunci ne, dalilin ke nan da ya sa sarakunan farko suke kiranta “Bahar Nur”, ma’ana kogin haske na musulunci.

Tushen Borno

Tarihi ya nuna cewa Kanuri da suka kafa Borno daga Yemen suka amince su ba sahabban Annabi SAW mafaka bayan hijirarsa daga Makkah zuwa Madinah.

Yemen ne asalin Kanurin da suka kafa mulki a Borno daga daular Saifuwa’ a cewar Zanna Hassan Boguma.

Daular Borno ta yi zamani da Sahabbai, kuma masanin tarihi Alhaji Zanna Hassan Boguma ya ce daular ta kafu ne tun kafin zuwan Annabi SAW.

A cewarsa tarihi ya nuna sarakunan Borno sun aika da wasika suna neman malamai da za su koyar da addini zuwa ga Amr al-As gwamnan Misra, wanda shi kuma ya tura Ukba Ibn Nafi.

“Sarakunan Borno sun karbi malamai daga wajen Ibn Nafi a zamanin Sayyadina Umar RA”.

Amma Zanna Hassan Boguma ya ce wasu litattafan tarihi sun nuna cewa a zamanin Sayyadina Usman RA ne.

Sai dai Farfesa Adam Muhammad Ajiri ya ce Gwamnan daular Maghribi a Arewacin Afirka Ukba Ibn Nafi yakinsa har ya kawo Borno a shekarar 666, kuma zamanin Khulafa’ur Rashidun ya fara ne daga 632 har zuwa 660.

Ya ce ba za a iya cewa sun yi zamani da sahabbai ba, amma ana ganin watakila a lokacin akwai daular musulunci a Borno, ko da yake an fi tabbatarwa a zamanin Umayyad daga 661 zuwa 750.

“A lokacin akwai binciken da ya nuna daga shekarar 661 zuwa 670 akwai malamai daga daular Umayyad da suka shigo yankin Maghrib har suka iso Borno,” in ji Farfesa Ajiri.

Saifawa a Borno da kafuwar El K anemi

Saifawa su ne asalin sarautar Borno, kuma Zanna Boguma ya ce dalilin da ya sa ake kiransu Saifuwa saboda sun fito ne daga Said Ibn Dhi Yazan.

Tarihi ya nuna Saifawa sun yi sarauta sama da shekara 1000 inda suka yi sarakuna kimanin 113, tun kafin karni na bakwai.

Farfesa Ajiri ya ce bayan Saifuwa sun ci Zaghawa da yaki ne suka kafa daular musulunci a Borno, kuma sun kafa daula ne daga wajajen karni na shida.

“A zamanin Sarkin Saifuwa Mai Hume Djilme a wajajen 1080 aka fara daula ta musulunci har zuwa sauran sarakunan da aka yi,” a cewar Zanna Boguma.

Ya ce, a zamanin daular musulunci ta Saifuwa an yi Sarakuna da suka hada da Mai Dunama Humemi da ya yi mulki daga shekarar 1098 zuwa 1150 da Mai Biri Ibn Dunoma da ya yi mulki daga shekarar 1150 zuwa 1176 da Mai Bikoru Ibn Biri Dunomami da ya yi zamani daga 1176 zuwa 1193.

Mai Ahmad ne Sarkin Saifuwa na karshe, kafin zamanin daular ElKanemi.

SARAKUNAN SAIFAWA A GAZARGAMU KAFIN ELKANEMI

• Mai Ali Gaji Ibn Dunoma 1465 – 1497

• Mai Idris Katagarma 1497 – 1519

• Mai Muhammed Ibn Idris 1519 – 1538

• Mai Ali Dinar Ibn Idris 1538 – 1538

• Mai Dunoma Ibn Muhammad 1539 – 1557

• Mai Abdallah Ibn Dunoma I 1557 – 1564

• Mai Idris Alauma Ibn Ali II 1564 – 1596

• Mai Muhammad Ibn Idris II 1596 – 16

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